介绍北京的导游词第1篇建于1420年的天坛是北京最为著名的古迹之一北京有着3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史。自秦汉以来，北京地区一直是中国北方的军事和商业重镇，名称先后称为蓟城、燕都、燕京、涿下面是小编为大家整理的介绍北京导游词1,供大家参考。
介绍北京的导游词 第1篇
建于1420年的天坛是北京最为著名的古迹之一北京有着3000余年的建城史和850余年的建都史。自秦汉以来，北京地区一直是中国北方的军事和商业重镇，名称先后称为蓟城、燕都、燕京、涿郡、幽州、南京、中都、大都、京师、顺天府、北平、北京等。
位于华北平原西北边缘。北京与天津相邻，并与天津一起被河北省环绕。北京的西、北和东北，群山环绕，东南是缓缓向渤海倾斜的北京平原。北京平原的海拔高度在20—60米，山地一般海拔1000—1500米，与河北交界的东灵山海拔2309米，为北京市最高峰。境内贯穿五大河，主要是东部的潮白河、北运河，西部的永定河和拒马河。北京的地势是西北高、东南低。西部是太行山山脉余脉的西山，北部是燕山山脉的军都山，两山在南口关沟相交，形成一个向东南展开的半圆形大山弯，人们称之为“北京弯”，它所围绕的小平原即为北京小平原。诚如古人所言：“幽州之地，左环沧海，右拥太行，北枕居庸，南襟河济，诚天府之国”。
故宫旧称紫禁城。是明清两代皇宫，中国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。１９８８年被联合国教科文组织列为“世界文化遗产”。
故宫占地７２万平方米，屋宇９９９９间半，建筑面积１５.５万平方米。为一长方形城池，四角矗立、风格绮丽的角楼，墙外有宽５２米的护城河环绕，形成一个森严壁垒的城堡。建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。
故宫有四个大门，正门名为午门。俗称五凤楼。其平面为凹形，中有重楼，重檐为庑殿顶，两翼各有重檐楼阁四座。明廊相连，宏伟壮丽。午门后有五座精巧的汉白玉拱桥通往太和门。东门名东华门，西门名西华门，北门名神武门。
故宫宫殿的建筑布局有外朝、内廷之分。内廷与外朝的建筑气氛迥然不同。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，是封建皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，是封建帝王与后妃居住之所。此外还有文华殿、武英殿、御花园等。
太和殿俗称金銮殿，在故宫的中心部位，是故宫三大殿之一。建在高约５米高的汉白玉台基上。台基四周矗立成排的雕栏称为望柱，柱头雕以云龙云凤图案，前后各有三座石阶，中间石阶雕有蟠龙，衬托以海浪和流云的“御路”。殿内有沥粉金漆木柱和精致的蟠龙藻井，上挂“正大光明”匾，殿中间是封建皇权的象征——金漆雕龙宝座。太和殿红墙黄瓦、朱楹金扉，在阳光下金碧辉煌，是故宫最壮观的建筑，也是中国最大的木构殿宇。
中和殿是故宫三大殿之一，位于太和殿后。平面呈方形，黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶，正中有鎏金宝顶。形体壮丽，建筑精巧。
保和殿也是故宫三大殿之一，在中和殿后。平面长方形，黄琉璃瓦四角攒尖顶。建筑装修与彩绘十分精细绚丽。
乾清宫在故宫内庭最前面。清康熙前此处为皇帝居住和处理政务之处。清雍正后皇帝移居养心殿，但仍在此批阅奏报，选派官吏和召见臣下。
交泰殿在乾清宫和坤宁宫之间，含天地交合、安康美满之意。其建于明代，清嘉庆三年（公元１７９８年）重修，是座四角攒尖，镀金宝顶，龙凤纹饰的方形殿。明、清时，该殿是皇后生日举办寿庆活动的地方。清代皇后去祭先蚕坛前，需至此检查祭典仪式的准备情况。坤宁宫在故宫“内庭”最后面。明时为皇后住所。清代改为祭神场所。其中东暖阁为皇帝大婚的洞房，康熙、同治、光绪三帝，均在此举行婚礼。
介绍北京的导游词 第2篇
Good morning Ladies and Gentlemen:
My name is I’m very honored to be youre I do hope all of you could like my guiding and enjoy everything on your pleasant This morning we are going to visit the Summer The Summer Palace is located on the northwest suburbs of Beijing, about 20 kilometers away from the center of the So it will take us about 1 hour to get Before we arrived at the Summer Palace, I would like to introduce you a brief introduction of the woderful imperial The Summer Palace is the most beautiful and the largest imperial garden existing in Chinan, and it is the best-preserved imperial garden in the In 1998, it was placed on the List of World Cultural Heritage by the
The Summer Palace was first built as an imperial garden at the beginning of 12th century in the Jin The construction continued to the Yuan and Ming In the Qing Dynasty, the building of imperial gardens reached its During Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the famous ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’ were built on the northwest suburbs of The Summer Palace was a part of it and at that time was called the Garden of Clear In 1860, the Anglo-French Allied Forces invaded The ‘Three Hills and Five Gardens’ were burnt down to
In 1888, the Empress Dowager Cixi spent the navy fund having the Garden of Clear Ripples And then she renamed it the Garden of Nurtured Harmony (Summer Palace).
In 1900, the Allied Forces of Eight Powers invaded The Summer Palace was once again severely It was rebuilt again in
In 1924, the Last Emperor Puyi was driven out of the palace, after that, the Summer Palace was turned into a public
Ladies and Gentlemen, please look over there, in front of us is an It is called “Emptiness and the collection of excellence”, and it is the first scenery of the Summer The two Chinese words on the front side of the archway mean emptiness and refer to everything in nature and in the The two words on the back side mean Collection of Excellence and refer to the tranquility of the beautiful scenery just within the
(outside the East Palace Gate)
Now, we have arrived at the East Palace It’s the main entrance of the Summer On top of the gate there is a plaque with three Chinese characters ‘The Summer Palace’ in Emperor Guangxu’s The gate that we are now entering was used by the emperor, the empress only in the old
(Inside the East Palace Gate)
Now we are inside the Summer In front of us is the second gate of the Summer Palace— the Gate of Benevolence and The annex halls on both sides were used for officials on duty and the offices of the Privy Well, Before we start our tour in the garden, I will briefly introduce you the layout of the Summer Palace and our tour , ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please? Let’s look at the map together, From it we can see the Summer Palace covers an area of 290 hectares, which the lake occupies the The whole garden can be divide into three parts: the area was for political activities, resting places of the emperor and empress, and sightseeing Our tour will start from the area of the political activities, and end off the Marble On the way, we will visit the main constructions of the Summer Palace, such as the Hall of Jade Ripples, the Hall of Happiness and Longevity, the Long Corridor, the Hall of Dispelling Clouds and so It will take us about two hours to visit the Summer Please attention, we won’t walk back and our driver will pick us up at the North Should you get lost or separated from the group, please meet us at the North
Ok, everyone, let’s start our tour from the emperors’ office --- the Hall of Benevolence and Follow me
(Inside the courtyard of the Benevolence and Longevity)
Passing through the Gate of Benevolence and Longevity, we have already entered the courtyard of the Hall of Benevolence and The huge rock in front of us is Taihu It was quarried from Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, so it was known as Taihu Please look around the courtyard and you can see there are four grotesque shaped rocks placed in each corner of this courtyard, representing the four seasons of the The Taihu Rocks are usually used as decoration for beautifying gardens and they are thin, crease, leak and penetration in
The bronze mythical animal behind the Taihu Rock is known as Suanni or some people call it According to ancient Chinese mythology, the dragon had nine sons, but none of them became a real Suanni was one of the nine sons of the It was an auspicious animal that could avoid evil spirits in ancient Suanni has the head of dragon, the antlers of dear, the hooves of ox and the tail of
(In front of the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity)
This grand hall is the Hall of Benevolence and It was first built in The name of this hall taken from a book entitled ‘Lun Yu’ by Confucius doctrine means, “ those who are benevolent can enjoy a long ” This hall was the place where Emperor Guangxu and Empress Dowager Cixi held audience and handled state affairs when they were in the Summer For protecting the historical cultural relic, we couldn’t enter the So I would like to briefly introduce you the decorations in the Hall of Benevolence and The arrangement of the hall has been left In the middle of the hall stands an emperor’s throne carved with nine dragons on There are two big fans on both sides behind the throne which are made of peacock Behind the throne there is a big screen with red sandalwood frame and glass mirror On the mirror there are 226 Chinese characters of the word ‘Longevity’ written in different There are two scrolls on each side of the wall with a big Chinese character ‘Longevity’ written on It was said that the word ‘Longevity’ written by Empress Dowager There are 100 bats painted at the background of the scroll symbolizing
Well, please look up the two pairs of incense burners in the shape of a dragon and a phoenix in front of the They were used to burn incense sticks to create the appropriate In the old days, the dragon and phoenix were the symbol of the emperor and According to ritual, the dragons should be placed in the center while phoenixes were to either side in front of the , here, the dragons are off to the sides and the phoenixes are in the This was a product of the end of Qing Dynasty when Empress Dowager Cixi handled state affairs behind the
(At the entrance of Garden of virtuour Harmony)
We are now visiting the Garden of Virtuous Harmony, where Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi were entertained with Bejing Opera It mainly consists of the Dressing House, the Grand Theater Building and the Hall of Pleasure The Grand Theater Building was known as the ‘Cradle of Beijing Opera’ was uniquely laid out and magnificently There are 7 exhibition halls with articles of daily use on display
(In front of the Grand Theater Building)
This is the Grand Theater Of the three main theater buildings of the Qing Dynasty, the Grand Theater Building is the tallest and largest The other two are Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Qingyin Pavilion in the Mountain Resort in The Grand Theater Building, a three-storied structure, has a double roof with upturned It is 21 meters high and 17 meters Performances could be staged simultaneously on three The top one was a symbol of happiness, the middle level was emolument level and the bottom stage was named longevity Each level has the entrance and the There are some trapdoors in the ceiling and below the floor for ‘celestial being’ to fly down from the sky and the ‘devils’ to appear from the earth to set off a certain atmosphere on the There is also a well and five ponds built under the stage for a good effect of water The stage is open to three
Well, please look at the construction that stands right opposite the Grand Theater Building, it’s the Hall of Pleasure The Empress Dowager Cixi used bo sit inside the hall to watch and enjoy the Peking
(A lakeside walk from the Garden of virtuous Harmony to the Hall of Jade Ripples)
We are now standing in the middle of a rockery behind the Hall of Benevolence and It appears that there’s nothing special However, after we clear the rockery, we will reach Kunming This is an application of a specific style of Chinese
Now, we are walking along the bank of the Kunming Look over there, not far away in the lake there is an It’s called the Spring Heralding The pavilion on the islet is called the Spring Heralding A number of willow trees and peach trees were planted on this In early spring, when the ice begins to melt, peach trees are red in pink blossoms, willow trees turn a tender green signaling that the early spring has Hence the name ‘Heralding Sping Pavilion’.
(In front of the Hall of Jade Ripples)
This group of special and quiet courtyard dwellings is the Hall of Jade The words “Jade Ripples” came from a verse “Gentle ripples gushing out of Jade Spring”, which refers to the rippling water in the It was first used by Emperor Qianlong to attend to state In the late Qing Dynasty, it was where Emperor Guangxu was put under house
This hall is a hallmark of the Movement of Emperor Guangxu was Emperor Dowager Cixi’s After Emperor Tongzhi died, Emperor Dowager Cixi made her nephew, who was at that time four years old a successor in order to continue her hold on imperial She ‘handled state affairs behind the screen’. After Emperor Guangxu ‘managed state affairs personally’ at the age of 19, a political conflict occurred between the conservatives and the In 1898, the Reform Movement took place with the aim of sustaining the core principles of the Qing Dynasty while reforming outdated The movement lasted for103 days until it was suppressed by Empress Dowager It was called the ‘Hundred-Day Reform’. After the reform failed, Emperor Guangxu was put under house arrest For the strict control of him, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered to build many brick walls in the front, back, and on the right and left of the Hall of Jade At that time the hall was entirely sealed up, just like a Today only the hidden walls in the east and west annex room still maintain its original It is open to visitors as the relic related to the 1898 Reform
(In front of the Chamber of Collecting Books)
This is the Chamber of Collecting In Chinese, it’s called “Yi Yun Guang”. “Yun” was a kind of fragrant In ancient times, it was usually used as termite repellent in rooms where books were the Emperor Qianlong’s reign, the purpose of the hall was for collecting Later it was converted into a There used to be the residence of Guangxu’s Empress Longyu, and his favorite concubine
(In the Hall of Happiness and Longevity)
This group of courtyard is the Hall of Happiness and It was the major architectural structure in the living quarters and the residence of Empress Dowager The whole compound was basically made of wood, which is ideal for ventilation and With its quiet and tasteful layout, the Hall of Happiness and Longevity made life very easy and In front of the Hall of Happiness and Longevity there is a huge rock placed in the middle of this courtyard named “Qing Zhi Xiu” and nicknamed as “Family Bankruptcy Rock”. This huge rock was discovered in Fangshan District by a Ming official Mi He wanted to transport it to his own garden “Shaoyuan”. In the old days, transporting such rock was very After spending all his money to ship it, he still could not succeed in doing The big rock was then left on the roadside somewhere near Liangxiang County, 30 kilometers southwest of Hence it was nicknamed “Family Bancruptcy Rock”. Later Emperor Qianlong discovered it and transported to the Garden of Clear Ripples and laid in front of the Hall of Happiness and The colorful glass chandeliers hanging inside the hall was introduced from Germany in It is one of the earliest electric lights in
(In front of the Gate of Inviting the Moon of the Long Corridor)
Ladies and Gentlemen, you may have visited some of the best museums in the world, such as the Louvre in France and the Museum of Great Now I will show you a special gallery in the palace—the Long In 1990, the Long Corridor was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as ‘the longest painted corridor’ in the world’. It would be a pity if we leave the Summer Palace without visiting the Long Corridor and the Marble Now, here we go, the Long Corridor first!
(Strolling along the Long Corridor)
The Long Corridor starts from the Gate Inviting the Moon to the Shizhang It is 728 meters long and consists of 273 The Long corridor is one of the major structures of the Summer Since the corridor was designed to follow the physical features of the southern slope of Longevity Hill, four multiple-eaved, octagonal pavilions ( Retaining the Goodness Pavilion, Living with the Ripples Pavilion, Autumn Water Pavilion, Clear and Far Pavilion) were placed at bends and undulation, they represent four seaons of a Thus visitors will hardly notice the rise and fall of the As a major part of the architectural style of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridor serves as an ingenious connector between the Lake and the Scattered buildings on the southern slope were linked to create a unified
The Long Corridor is the longest covered veranda in any Chinese On the purlins and beams of the covered veranda, there are over 14,000 Suzhou style Among them, there are 546 color paintings relating to the scenes of West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Beside the colorful paintings of natural scenery, there are also scenes of flowers, birds, fish, insects, mythology and The paintings of figures are mainly adapted from ancient Chinese classical literature, such as ‘Pilgrimage to the West’, ‘The Romance of the Three Kingdoms’, ‘The western Chamber’, “Water Margin’, and ‘The Dream of the Red Mansion’.
(In front of the Gate of Dispelling Clouds)
Now we are approaching the central part of the structures on the lakeside slope, the Tower of Buddhist Incense within the Hall of Dispelling The central axis line starts from the wharf next to the lake to the Sea of Wisdom on top of the The main architectural structures here are the Gate of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling clouds, Tower of Buddhist Incense and the Sea of Wisdom, which altogether form a splendid three-dimensional The layout of this group of architectures was based on scenes described in Buddhist This group of structures are among the most magnificently constructed here in the Summer This is a good place to taking photos, we will stay here for about 15
Now we are walking continuely along the Long Corridor, the next scene we are going to visit is Marble
Look over there! Halfway up the slope there stands the Hall of Listening to It was the place for emperor and empress to enjoy opera and court It is said the singing of orioles is very Before the Garden of Virtuous Harmony was built, Empress Dowager Cixi enjoyed opera and music Now the hall is one of the most famous restaurants in China, featuring imperial dishes and
This is the famous Marble A famous scientist of China’s Eastern Han Dynasty once said, “Water can float the boat, but it can also tip it ” A prime minister of Tang Dynasty Wei Zheng once used these words to persuade Li Shimin, the emperor of the Tang He said people are water and the emperor is the People can support a good However, they also can overthrow the Emperor Qianlong built this huge boat in the Garden in order to make the allusion On one hand, Emperor Qianlong encouraged himself to run the country On the other hand, he wanted to show that his rule of the Qing Dynasty was as firm as the Marble Boat and there was no fear of overturning the The Marble Boat was the place for Emperor Qianlong to sample tea and enjoy the scenery of Kunming Emperor Qianlong once came here to engage in the freeing of captive In the times of Qianlong, the Marble Boat was a Chinese styled stone boat with a Chinese style wooden superstructure on the top of When it was rebuilt in the times of Guangxu, a foreign and Chinese elements mixed resulting in two wheels to be added to the boat, one on each The floor was paved with colored All of the windows were inlaid with multiple-colored A big mirror was installed on the superstructure for viewing
Our tour is drawing to a close after we visited the Marble Today we only visited the major scenic spots of the Summer I have left other spots of interest for your next I will now show you out through the Ruyi Our coach is waiting for us outside the I do hope you enjoyed today’s Thank
介绍北京的导游词 第3篇
各位游客们，我们现在来到的是世界上最大的城市中心广场，天安门广场，面积达到了44万平方米，而且北京在世界上的地理位置就是以广场的经纬度(东经：116°23′17″，北纬：39°54′27″)来确定的。它坐落在北京市中心，一直注视着北京自古至今的历史变革。在明代，这里曾叫做承天门广场，出现了T型广场，当然，现在已经没有了。清代的时候才改为现在的天安门广场。在辛亥革命以后，天安门广场成了最好的群众运动集结地，著名的五四运动，一二九学生运动等等就是在这里发生的。而在这里最著名的事件，相信大家一定知道，那就是在的开国大典，当时这里聚集了30万人，共同来庆祝新中国的成立。解放以后，将T型广场拆除，建了人民英雄纪念碑，人民大会堂和历史博物馆，革命博物馆等大型建筑。而在国庆50周年的时候，天安门广场经历了一系列的整修，使广场更加美丽壮观整洁。各位一定很向往我所描述的天安门广场，没有关系，在接下来的游览过程，我将向大家一一介绍。
明代永乐年间，这里叫做承天门，只是一个木牌坊，取“承天启运，受命于天”之意。可是明代的时候被烧毁了，后来修建了面阔九间，进深五间的城楼，真正体现了帝王的_之尊。但是明朝末年，又被毁了。而在清顺治年间，重修城楼以后，改名为天安门，将另外的三个皇城门儿都改名为带安字的，将故宫三大殿都改名为带和字的，体现了内和外安的美好愿望。这就是我们现在所看的城楼，它由城基、城台、城楼三个部分组成。基座是汉白玉须弥座，这是我国古代最高等级的基座，高米。城台高米。而城楼重檐歇山顶，这也是当时殿宇屋顶的最高等级。整座建筑高米，在70年重修后，升高了一米。
这座建筑等级非常高的城楼，它的作用也同样非常重要。明清时候，凡是遇到国家大典，都要在城楼上举行“金凤颁诏”的仪式，(就是颁诏时，在城楼正中堞口设宣诏台。宣诏后，用黄丝线机上一只木雕金凤，金凤口中衔着诏书顺墙而下，礼部官员用朵云盘接住，然后放入龙亭，颂到礼部，随后颁布天下。)而且每当皇帝出宫祭祀的时候，这里是必经之路。
在天安门城楼前面的这一条河，被称为金水河。那这里为什么被称为金水河呢?因为这条河是从北京的西北方向被引过来的，而在阴阳五行中，西属金，北属水，所以这条河命名为金水河，而河上的7座汉白玉桥，就是金水桥。其中最旁边的这两座桥叫做公生桥，分别对应着太庙和社稷坛，也就是现在的劳动人民文化宫和中山公园。而中间的这座是御路桥，是皇帝皇后专用的，它旁边的两座是皇族桥，供宗室王公行走，在旁边的两座是品级桥，只有三品以上的官员才可以通过。
在金水桥前面，左右各有一个石狮子。左边的是雄师，右边的是雌狮。我们是如何分出雌雄的呢?因为雄师脚踩的是绣球，而雌狮则是幼狮。现在为了保护文物，这对狮子已经被围栏保护起来了。在天安门前后各有一对华表，其实华表的原名叫做诋毁木，是皇帝为了表示自己能够采纳意见和接受意见而设立的，逐渐演变成了今天的华表。它的顶端的异兽叫做吼，北华表上的叫做望君出，意思是为了让皇帝出宫体察民情，而南端的则叫望君归，意思是皇帝不要留恋宫外的花花世界，应该及时回宫处理政务。
现在请大家向后转，在我们身后，就是天安门广场。在明清时候，这里是成T字型的，中间是南北走向的御路，在御路两侧，建有千步廊，两边都有廊房110间，到了长安街南侧，在随着红墙向东西两侧延伸，有廊房34间，所以千步廊共有228间廊房。而在御路的最南端明代时是大明门，清朝则改为大清门;东西两侧的门分别是长安左门和长安右门，也分别称为龙门和虎门，因为在科考之后，黄榜在长安左门公布，考中的进士要从这里进入皇城，所以称之为龙门，而虎门的来由则是每年霜降以后，朝廷都要对犯人进行审查，而审定的犯人则被带出长安右门，等于落入虎口，所以称为虎门。而订立这些，都是与五行有关。
在我国古代，有文东武西之说，所以在千步廊东西两侧就是五府六部的所在地。在广场东侧，现在的历史博物馆一带，基本上都是中央文职机关，而西侧，也就是人民大会堂一带，则是五军都督府和特务的机构锦衣卫。为了方便这些官员进入皇城，所以就在龙门虎门外各建了一道南北走向的大门，东公生门和西公生门。
现在我们已经看不到那时候的痕迹了，取而代之的是更有历史意义和政治特色的现代化建筑。
在广场西侧，是人民大会堂。它于1958年10月动工，历时一年，在59年国庆节前就完工了，占地面积万平方米。整座建筑像一个“山”字，中央最高处是米，是整个天安门广场中的最高建筑。大会堂分为三个部分：中央是万人大礼堂，总面积达36000平方米，有席坐一万个，礼堂顶部有巨大的红五角星，放出70到光芒，整个穹顶的装饰布局不仅很壮丽，而且还象征着万民一心，团结在党周围;北部是宴会厅，总面积7000多平方米是我国最大的宴会厅;南部则是人大办公楼，这里包括全国37各省市自治区直辖市特区格局特色的会议厅，例如重庆厅，香港厅等等。
介绍北京的导游词 第4篇
明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在的祈年殿，从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，称为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；
皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；
而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。
来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，依此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是81块；
而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，而中层的围护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为根据阴阳五行来说，9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。
说完了神坛的奇妙，我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天，皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，现在的凌晨四点多，奏报时辰，皇帝起驾，斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣，神牌都送到台面相应的位置，也就是七组神位，称作七幄；
在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛犊，用松枝燔烧，西南的望灯杆望灯高悬，点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡，台南广场上排列着奏乐队，配合着中和韶乐，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式开始了，皇帝由南棂星左门登坛，这时钟声停止，到了第二层南侧拜位站好后，听候司赞人报仪程，恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。
现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2。85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的"声音载体，可以传声，在传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。
也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。
在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢？这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥；
而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。
现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。
到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是三层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是：瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的图案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在嘉靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶，抬头仰视，便是龙凤藻井，中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地柱支撑的，中间的四柱名叫龙井柱，东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬；
而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间，则分别代表了一年的12个月份；
外面两环的24个开间分别代表了一年的24个节气；
同时，这28根大柱，也代表了天上的28个星宿。
和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧，送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。
现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要到这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢？原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方向放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。
今天的天坛观光游览就要结束了，在天坛的这段时光希望能成为您北京之游中的永恒记忆。
介绍北京的导游词 第5篇
亲爱的游客们：
大家好！
我是你们的导游，我姓张，可以叫我小张，也可以叫我张导。请不要在墙上、古代物品上刻画，也不要乱扔垃圾哦！
故宫位于北京市中心，旧称紫禁城。它是明代和清代的皇宫，也是世界现存最大、最完整的古代建筑群，被誉为五大宫之首。
故宫开始建造于明永乐四年至十八年，也就是公元1406年至1420年。
你们看！故宫的四个漂亮的大门，我来告诉你它们的名字吧！正门名为午门，俗称五凤楼。午门一般只有皇帝才可以出入呢！状元、榜眼和探花的人只可以从此门出入一次。后门“神武门”，明朝为“玄武门”，因为玄武是古代四神兽之一。清代康熙年间因避讳改为“神武门”。“东华门”与“西华门”是个“对门”门外设有下马碑石，门内金水河南北流向，上架石桥一座，桥北还有三座门。
快点儿，快点儿，快点儿去太和门吧！太和门里有三座大殿，分别是太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，你们自己去看看吧！二十分钟之后记得回来找我哦！
看！那儿是内廷，内廷就是皇帝、皇后和妃子们生活的地方。快去看看吧！因为内廷比较长，所以拿着你们手中的地图，三十分钟后我们在御花园里碰面哦！
御花园里鸟语花香，草木茂盛。各位家长注意孩子的安全，不要让他们爬假山。还有不要折鲜花和小草哦！
哦，我们到出口了。好了，我们这次的故宫游玩到此结束了。如果下次还想来北京故宫要记得找我哦！在回家的路上要注意安全哦！
介绍北京的导游词 第6篇
各位朋友：
大家好！
欢迎来到故宫，我是今天的小导游，跟我一起去参观一下故宫吧！
大家现在看到的是故宫的正门。它叫午门。午门又称五凤楼。远远望去，五座崇楼在楼顶展翅飞翔，既雄伟又壮观，大家可以亲身体验一下哦！
现在大家看到的是太和殿，是末代皇帝举行登基大典礼的地方。太和殿高35米，东西长64米，南北宽33米，总面积为2377平方米。这顶皇椅金碧辉煌，刻着无数条龙，代表着大清皇帝的威严和权势。皇椅前放着一张也刻着龙的板凳，是为了让皇帝舒服，给皇帝搁脚用的。现在大家可以尽情地拍照留念，不过只给大家10分钟时间哦。
现在咱们来到的是刻着龙的石板上。石板上有各式各样的龙，有的蜿蜒盘旋，有的两条龙互相缠绕在一起，千姿百态。
大家跟着我，继续走，现在来到的是御花园。里面有用石头拼凑成的一尊石像。看上去两只眼睛目不转睛地盯着你，可恐怖了！用石头堆积成的一座小小的山上长着一簇草，十分引人注目！御花园里有许多绿色的草木，对眼睛近视的人特别好哦！这儿的花，有的含苞欲放，有的争奇斗艳，有的还只有一两片花瓣。御花园里还有“送星”，让人看了眼花缭乱。这里还有瀑布呢，大家一定会想起李白的一句诗：“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”虽然它不是那么长，但也挺好看的。现在大家可以敬请参观，30分钟后我们集合。
好了，各位亲爱的朋友，故宫参观完了，大家觉得美吗？欢迎大家再次来故宫参观。
谢谢！
介绍北京的导游词 第7篇
各位游客们：
大家好!大家叫我周导。这天，我带大家游览闻名中外的万里长城。在游览时，请大家保护文化遗产，不乱涂乱画城墙，不乱垃圾。
身为中华儿女的我们怎样不上去游览一番呢?对!此刻我们就去当好汉，登上那前不见头，后不见尾的万里长城。
关于万里长城还有一个动人的传说：勤劳聪明的孟姜女，为了寻找被官兵捉去修建长城的丈夫，千里迢迢来到长城脚下。经过多翻打听，却得知自我的丈夫已经活活累死!这个消息如同晴天霹雳，孟姜女在长城脚下哭了三天三夜，“轰隆”一声，长城倒了800里。
此刻我们正站在八达岭万里长城上，踏着脚下的方砖，扶着墙上的条石。游客们，单看这数不清的条石，一块就有两三千斤重，那时候没有火车、汽车，没有起重机，就靠着无数的肩膀无数的手，一步一步抬上这陡峭的山岭。看着这些，大家能够想到长城凝结了多少劳动人民的血汗和智慧。作文
长城的美景说也不说不完，此刻就请大家漫步欣赏吧!
介绍北京的导游词 第8篇
各位游客:
大家好！我是快旅游社的导游，我叫陈凯瑶，大家叫我小陈好了，当然也可以叫我陈导。在接下来的几天中，我将陪伴大家一起游览北京的名胜风景区。希望通过我的讲解，能够使您对北京故宫有个美好的印象，同时也希望您能对我的工作提出宝贵的意见。好，我们就开始今天的游览行程。
今天我们要参观的故宫，非常雄伟。它占地72万平方米，其中建筑面积为16.5万平方米，南北长961米，东西宽753米，周围有10米高的城墙围绕。还有穿52米的护城河，在四角都建有一座精美的角楼。
根据1973年的统计，故宫有大小院落90多座，房屋有980座，共计8704间。按照这种布局建筑而成的故宫就是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫，其中明朝有14位，清朝有10位，统治时间共长达五个世纪。
好了，现在大家自己慢慢游玩！注意，大家在游览时不要乱丢瓜果皮。祝大家玩得愉快。
介绍北京的导游词 第9篇
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Welcome to the Great Wall. Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yale River in Leaning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in China. The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China together.
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 B.C. during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Chu. Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century B.C. Walls, then, was built separately by these ducal states to ward off such harassments. Later in 221 B.C. The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and rocks. it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see today.
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing line. The west part is a rammed earth construction, about 5.3 meters high on average. In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and rocks. The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to visitors.
The Wall of those sections is 7.8 meters high and 6.5 meters wide at its base, narrowing to 5.8 meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop abreast. Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters internals. The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison soldiers. The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven".
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Jiayuguan. Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First PaUnder Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pais situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the northeast. It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought here. It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to supprethe peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing Dynasty. (1644-1911)
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the world. The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical events." The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the world. In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site.
介绍北京的导游词 第10篇
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the Great Starting out in the east on the banks of the Yale River in Leaning Province, the Wall stretches westwards for 12,700 kilometers to Jiayuguan in the Gobi desert, thus known as the Ten Thousand Li Wall in The Wall climbs up and down, twists and turns along the ridges of the Yanshan and Yinshan Mountain Chains through five provinces——Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu and two autonomous regions——Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, binding the northern China
Historical records trace the construction of the origin of the Wall to defensive fortification back to the year 656 during the reign of King Cheng of the States of Its construction continued throughout the Warring States period in the fifth Century Walls, then, was built separately by these ducal states to ward off such Later in 221 The most extensive reinforcements and renovations were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368——1644) when altogether 18 lengthy stretches were reinforced with bricks and it is mostly the Ming Dynasty Wall that visitors see
The Great Wall is divided into two sections, the east and west, with Shanxi Province as the dividing The west part is a rammed earth construction, about meters high on In the eastern part, the core of the Wall is rammed earth as well, but the outer shell is reinforced with bricks and The most imposing and best preserved sections of the Great Wall are at Badaling and Mutianyu, not far from Beijing and both are open to
The Wall of those sections is meters high and meters wide at its base, narrowing to meters on the ramparts, wide enough for five horses to gallop Two-storied watch-towers are built at approximately 400-meters The top stories of the watch-tower were designed for observing enemy movements, while the first was used for storing grain, fodder, military equipment and gunpowder as well as for quartering garrison The highest watch-tower at Badaling standing on a hill-top, is reached only after a steep climb, like "climbing a ladder to heaven".
There stand 14 major passes (Guan, in Chinese) at places of strategic importance along the Great Wall, the most important being Shanghaiguan and Yet the most impressive one is Juyongguan, about 50 kilometers northwest of
Known as "Tian Xia Di YI Guan" (The First PaUnder Heaven), Shanghaiguan Pais situated between two sheer cliffs forming a neck connecting north China with the It had been, therefore, a key junction contested by all strategists and many famous battles were fought It was the gate of Shanghaiguan that the Ming general Wu Sangui opened to the Manchu army to supprethe peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng and so surrendered the whole Ming empire to the Manchus, leading to the foundation of the Qing (1644-1911)
As a cultural heritage, the Wall belongs not only to China but to the The Venice charter says: "Historical and cultural architecture not only includes the individual architectural works, but also the urban or rural environment that witnessed certain civilizations, significant social developments or historical " The Great Wall is the largest of such historical and cultural architecture, and that is why it continues to be so attractive to people all over the In 1987, the Wall was listed by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage
介绍北京的导游词 第11篇
Old Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing City, Eastern Haidian District. The original Qing Dynasty a large Royal River, covers an area of about 5200 acres, the layout is inverted triangle, a total area of 350 hectares. Old Summer Palace " garden of gardens " good name, it was built in the Qing emperor Qian Long years, the original pavilions, terraces and open halls at more than 140, a total area of 3500000 square meters. It"s land area and the construction of the Imperial Palace, water area and is a the Summer Palace.
The history of Old Summer Palace, is composed of Old Summer Palace, Changchun Garden, Yee Spring Garden ( Wanchun Garden ). Three Park tightly adjoin, commonly known as the old summer palace. A total area of 5200 acres ( 350 hectares ), the entire range of larger than the the Summer Palace nearly qianmu. It is feudal emperors in Qing Dynasty more than 150 years, by creating and operating a large Royal palace. Yong Zheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing Emperor Daoguang, Xianfeng, five, had been living in the Old Summer Palace leisurely enjoyment, and in this holding assembly, and politics, it is similar to the Forbidden City ( the Imperial Palace) as the political center of the country, was clear Dili special called " Royal park ".
Old Summer Palace was originally granted to his four son of emperor Kangxi Yin Zhen (later emperor Yong Zheng the garden ). Kangxi in forty-six years that the year 1707, park has begun to take shape. In November the same year, Emperor Kangxi had at the Old Summer Palace tours. The emperor Yong Zheng ascended the throne in 1723, expanding the original Grant Park, and in the South Park building be open and aboveboard Temple main hall and the cabinet, and in six, the value of real military department, to avoid the " Royal master ". In the 60 year of the reign of emperor Qian Long, one day, old summer palace construction, repair, dredges the water shift stone, silver million fee. In addition to his old summer palace built on local, alterations, and the East New Changchun Park, in the southeast of adjacent incorporated Qi spring garden. In the thirty-five years to 1770 three, the Yuan Ming garden pattern is formed basically. Dynasty, mainly on Qi spring garden was renovated and the extension of the building, which became the main garden occupies the place of one. Daoguang Dynasty, state declines, shortage of financial resources, but rather from Chaenomeles, Xiangshan, Yuquan " hills", furnishings, Jehol and Magnolia summer hunting, still did not give up the three Park renovation and decoration.
Old Summer Palace, garden not only known, but also a collection of the Royal Museum, very rich, is a cultural treasure house. Hugo once said: "even if the ( French ) all Notre Dame all the treasures together, the same can not be large and magnificent Huang Museum comparable to the east. " The luxurious furnishings exquisite, has a large collection of art treasures. According to the Old Summer Palace seen Westerners description, " Park splendid brilliant scene, not to can trace the color so called, nor the Europeans can see ". " All kinds of valuable treasures, are accumulated in the Royal Cottage Hotel, numerous households. " The finest sandalwood carved furniture, exquisite ancient porcelain and enamel bottle lamp broken lines, Zhijin silver brocade fabric, carpet, leather, gilded gold French clock, exquisite Old Summer Palace layout, gem embedded hunting figure, landscape character true to life likeness of the plaque, and their various other artistic products and a variety of European lustrous and dazzling. Ornaments, have everything that one expects to find.
Old Summer Palace is the artificial creation of a grand scale, the beautiful scenery of the landscape. Flat mountain and water purification, landscape architecture, plant more trees and flowers. In the discontinuous hills, winding surface and pavilions, winding corridor, island, bridge embankment, the vast space into a size of more than 100 landscape encircle, interest varied scenery group. The water park is about three 4/10 of the total area of the park, on the ground in artificial cut the medium small surface, by circle rayon flow channel is connected in series with a complete water system of rivers and lakes. Park and decorated with stacked has greatly small hill 250, and drainage combined with mountains, water, hill because of live water, formed the mountain complex water transfer, layer upon layer of garden space. The entire landscape as Jiangnan like smoke blurred, true it may be said: Although people do, since the days of the wan.
Old Summer Palace embodies the ancient Chinese gardening art essence, was the most splendid large-scale landscape. The emperor Qian Long said: " it is Yao Bao Kobold region, Emperor Yu tour, no more than this ". And gardens in the world history of architecture also occupies an important position. Its popularity to Europe, known as the " garden of gardens ". The famous French writer Hugo in 1861 had this to say: " you just imagine it is a thrilling longing, as the Moon Castle like building, Summer Palace ( the Old Summer Palace ) is a building. " People often say : the Greek Parthenon temple in Egypt, Pyramid, Rome Coliseum, Oriental palace. "It is a matter of the incomparable masterpiece as the acme of perfection ".
Old Summer Palace the world garden, to ten years Xianfeng, in 1860 October, by British and French troops barbarian raid burned down, become China"s modern history of humiliation history page.
Now the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park, the site for the theme, forming a solid history and full of vibrant garden atmosphere a unique combination of tourism landscape, not only has the important political and historical value, it is a unique tourist destination. The tragedy of Old Summer Palace was destroyed, was the symbol of national humiliation, the rebirth of the Old Summer Palace, has become and will continue to make efforts to become the Chinese nation, the testimony of increasingly thriving and prosperous. With the introduction of special planning, 20xxx basically completed the Old Summer Palace Ruins Park goal has been clearly shown in front of us.
We firmly believe that a green Old Summer Palace will become a bright pearl of green Olympic Games; a basic integrity of the Old Summer Palace will become a bright spot of humanistic olympics.
介绍北京的导游词 第12篇
天坛位于北京正阳门东南侧,始建于明永乐年间，至今已有近600年的历史。天坛原是明清两朝皇帝祭天祈谷的场所，是中国也是世界上现存规模最大、形制最完备的古代祭坛建筑群。天坛平面布局呈“回”字形，北圆南方，象征天圆地方。天坛分为内、外坛两部分，每年孟春（农历正月）祈谷大典在内坛北部祈谷坛建筑群举行，冬至祭天在内坛南部圜丘坛建筑群举行。明清共有22位皇帝在这里举行过祭祀大典654次。
明成祖朱棣迁都北京，在营建北京城的同时，在北京正阳门外东南侧建天地坛。初建时这组建筑为天地合祀，所以称为天地坛。其中主建筑大祀殿为长方形大殿，十一开间，宏伟壮丽。百余年间有9位明朝皇帝在天地坛合祀天地。直至明嘉靖年间，明世宗朱厚熜下诏，将天地合祀改为天地分祀。在天地坛的南郊增建了圜丘坛，用于冬至祭天；
把大祀殿的规制改为圆形，并更名为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷。并且在北郊建方泽坛，以祭地；
东郊建朝日坛，以祭日；
西郊建夕月坛，以祭月。到了清乾隆年间，清高宗弘历对天坛进行了大规模的改造，包括：改造天坛内外坛墙、扩建圜丘坛、改建祈谷坛大享殿并改称为祈年殿、增辟圜丘坛门、改建皇穹宇。1911年清帝溥仪逊位，祭天制度废止。
现在的天坛是通称，它实际上由两个坛组成，南部为圜丘坛，北部为祈谷坛。两坛各成体系，它们之间由丹陛桥连接。天坛的建筑特点可以用“一、三、五、七、九”这样一组数字来概括。
一：一条中轴线。自南向北依次是昭亨门—圜丘坛—皇穹宇—成贞门—丹陛桥—南砖门—祈年门—祈年殿—皇乾殿—北天门。
三：三道坛墙。分别为外坛墙、内坛墙和分隔圜丘坛与祈谷坛之间的东西向坛墙。
五：指五组主要建筑。分别为圜丘坛建筑群、祈谷坛建筑群、斋宫建筑群、神乐署和牺牲所建筑群。
七：指祈谷坛东侧的七星石。
九：指天坛的9座坛门。天坛西侧外坛墙上有祈谷坛门和圜丘坛门；
祈谷坛有东天门、西天门、北天门；
圜丘坛有泰元门、昭亨门、广利门、成贞门。
介绍北京的导游词 第13篇
北京简称京，是中国的首都，全国的政治、文化中心和国际交往的枢纽，也是一座著名的历史文化名城，与西安、洛阳、开封、南京、杭州并列为中国六大古都。
北京悠久的历史，纵跨3000年。相传炎黄二帝是同父异母的兄弟，各有一半天下，皇帝行道炎帝不听，炎帝因有蚩尤相助与黄帝在诼鹿和阪泉大战，结果炎帝战败。天下合一，皇帝自立为天子，并在逐鹿建都。据载琢鹿和阪泉都是北京地区。后来黄帝的孙子在幽陵建城，“幽”成为北京地区的代称。无行当中代表北方之意。
五帝之首帝喾时，北京地区为天下九州之一的冀州，到了尧时叫幽都，舜帝时叫幽州。商代灭亡之后，周武王将北京地区的两个地方“燕”和“蓟”封给了两位功臣。后来燕国吞并了蓟国统称为燕国，燕代表黑色象征着北方。燕国传位44世，历820余年。是当时各封国中历史最长的强国。
唐代“安史之乱”后称此处为大都和燕京，金代中都，元代为大都正式成为全国的政治中心。
明朝朱元璋南京称帝，派大将徐达功克大都城，改称北平府。靖难之役之后永乐皇帝迁都北京。从此北京才有这个响亮名字。
北京是一座有着三千多年历史的古都，在不同的朝代有着不同的称谓，大致算起来有二十多个别称。
燕都，据史书记载，公元前11世纪，周武王灭商以后，在尧封帝，此后在苏城建都，在燕封召公。燕都因古时为燕国都城而得名。战国七雄中有燕国，据说是因临近燕山而得国名，其国都称为“燕都”。
幽州，远古时代的九州之一。幽州之名，最早见于《尚书舜典》：“燕曰幽州。”两汉、魏、晋、唐代都曾设置过幽州，所治均在今天的北京一带。
京城，京城泛指国都，北京成为国都后，也多将其称为京城。
南京，辽太宗会同元年(938年)，将原来的幽州升为幽都府，建号南京，又称燕京，作为辽的陪都。当时辽的首都在上京。
大都，元代以金的离宫今北海公园为中心重建新城，元世祖至元九年(1272年)改称大都，俗称元大都。
北平，明代洪武元年(1368年)，朱元璋灭掉元朝后，为了记载平定北方的功绩，将元大都改称北平。
北京，明永乐元年(1403年)，明成祖朱棣永乐皇帝取得皇位后，将他做燕王时的封地北平府改为顺天府，建北京城，并准备迁都城于此，这是正式命名为北京的开始，至今已有600余年的历史。
京师，明成祖于永乐十八年(1420年)迁都北京，改称京师，直至清代。
京兆，民国二年(1913年)废顺天府，翌年置京兆地方，直隶中央，其范围包括今天的北京大部分地区，民国十七年废京兆地方，改北京为北平。
北京最早被称为北京湾，在北京湾内最早的国家是燕国和蓟国。因此燕蓟古城是北京市内最早的城市。而北京市区的发祥地在宣武区广安门周围一带。随着历史的变革，北京城也发生了翻天覆地的变化。一座座高楼大厦拔地而起，一座座现代化的办公楼居民小区城市花园脱颖而出。使北京人也哗然惊叹。而为了迎接2008年奥运会的到来，整个北京又有了飞的腾跃。如今的北京更加的亮丽，但在如此现代化的城市建设当中。北京仍保持着古城的文化，历史。不仅拥有历代帝王留下的文物古迹，而且北京人原来生活的住宅，习俗还历历在目。是现化化的北京中一颗闪烁的明珠。
古城北京最为出名的是胡同。四合院。京城小吃，卖艺，杂耍，庙会等等。胡同一词的由来，众说纷云，但最为常说的是蒙古语“井”字的音译。其实，胡同二字的确是蒙古语。经考证是“Hottog”的音译，有人译成“霍多”或“忽洞”，是水井之意。因为凡居民聚集处，必有水源(井)北京地区以水井为中心，分布居民区由来已久。但在北京，宣武区叫“胡同”的地方比较少。大多数以街命名。
现在宣武区大部分地域是辽金时的旧城范围，而地名沿袭至今。未受到元代蒙古语音的影响。因此元代是北京胡同的尊基时代。而胡同名字也是千姿百态。砖塔胡同，屎壳郎胡同(蒙语甜水井)，墨河胡同(蒙语有味的)。
晨风轻轻吹起天安门前的"薄雾，又将紫荆城的面纱一并掀起。一轮红日从东方冉冉升起，将你我的脸庞趁的那样美丽。古老而年轻的北京城，在新世纪的曙光里，焕发着蓬勃的迷人魅力和对美好未来的憧憬。
。永乐十五年(1417年)开始大规模兴建北京。相传，朱棣皇帝一心想建一座规模宏大的新都城，其气势要压过朱元璋的中都城。一天夜里皇帝做了一个梦，梦见四四方方的城池中央有一仙山玉阁，仙山玉阁往南是层层叠叠、金碧辉煌的宫殿，宫殿群四角各有一座七十二条脊的角楼。皇帝一觉醒来后，将梦中的情景讲给文武大臣们，并限期绘出宫殿图样，找出都城的中心点，还要在山上建一座亭子，使其距四周尺寸要一样长。这一下可难坏了有关的文武大臣，尤其是工部的大官们，象热锅上的蚂蚁。眼看期限临近，他们突然想出了个主意，何不问问军师刘伯温和姚广孝呢?于是，他们摆了一桌丰盛的酒席，请二人吃饭。酒过三巡，乘刘伯温醉意朦胧之际，工部的大官们才将他们的苦恼说了出来，刘伯温、姚广孝二人一听哈哈大笑，姚广孝说:“这事何难?我有一铜钱，明天我的铜钱放在哪里，那铜钱方孔便是这座城的中心点。”刘伯温随后说:“我今天带来一枚钉子，明天请你们看，我的钉子钉在什么地方，那儿就是中心点。”
大家听后似信非信。只好宴后派人，于明日寻找铜钱和钉子。第二天清晨，大家发现一土山上，一颗钉子正好钉在了一枚铜钱的方孔中。这土山便是后来的景山，山正中建有亭子一座。以后在清代乾隆十五年(1750)，又在山峰上建起五座亭子，居中的名叫万春亭。它是北京城垣中轴线的中心点，也是封建时代北京城的最高点。北京是中华人民共和国的首都，是中国的政治文化中心。北京有3000多年的建城史和850年的建都史，拥有众多辉煌的帝都景观和丰厚浓郁的文化底蕴，是闻名遐尔的东方古都。世界上最大的皇宫——紫禁城坐落在京城的中轴线上，加上皇家园林颐和园、万里长城以及著名的北京四合院恭王府等等，全市文物古迹达7300多项，旅游景点200多处今天的北京古老与现代交融生辉，小胡同、老茶馆、新潮酒吧街、繁华商业区，无限的摩登元素与老北京地道的京味儿相互交融。第29届奥运会的举办，更使这座历史文化名城生机盎然。您看到的、感受到的，不仅是古老帝都的雄伟庄严、厚重沧桑，还有现代大都市的时尚繁华、高速便捷。
文化艺术：北京是有着三千年历史的国家历史文化名城。北京在历史上曾为五代都城，在从辽朝起的800多年里，建造了许多宏伟壮丽的宫廷建筑，使北京成为我国拥有帝王宫殿、园林、庙坛和陵墓数量最多，内容最丰富的城市。其中北京故宫又称紫禁城，这里原为明、清两代的皇宫，住过24个皇帝，建筑宏伟壮观，完美地体现了中国传统的古典风格和东方格调，是我国乃至全世界现存最大的宫殿，是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产。天坛以其布局合理、构筑精妙而扬名中外，是明、清两代皇帝“祭天”和“祈谷”的地方，是我国现存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群，也是世界建筑艺术的宝贵遗产。颐和园是北京著名的旅游景点圆明园是我国最有名的皇家园林，园中山青水绿，在中外园林史上享有盛誉，具有很高的艺术价值，被誉为“万园之园”。明十三陵是北京最大的皇家陵寝墓群，内有明代13个皇帝的陵墓，尤其是现代发掘的明定陵，规模浩大，极为壮观。
介绍北京的导游词 第14篇
各位来自世界各地的游客们：
你们好!
欢迎来到“世界遗产”之北京故宫，我是自博兴县的程梦颖小导游，下面我就带着大家去细细欣赏一番吧!
中国明清两代的皇宫，又称为紫禁城，地点位于北京城中心。开始建造与明永乐四年至十八年，也就是现在说的1406年至1420年，后来经过多个朝代的劳动人民精心修改，变得非常富丽堂皇，但仍保持着原有的布局和规模，是世界上保存的最完整、规范最大的古代木构架宫殿建筑群。
这座城设四个门;南门正中面是午门、北边是神武门、东门为东华门、西为西华门。四门各建有重檐庑殿顶门楼。这座城的四个角都布有一些结构精巧、外观秀丽的角楼。外面墙有10米多高呢!还有护城河宽52米，够宽的吧!长是3800米，整个建筑群按南北中间的中轴线为对称布局，层次分明，主次有序。
走进大门，前面就是皇帝的住所，先是文化殿，文化殿是皇帝听大臣们讲书的地方，然后是五英殿，五英殿是皇帝吃饭、居住和召见大臣的地方。后三宫、东西六宫和乾清宫和坤宁宫通直御花园。坤宁宫和乾清宫是内廷的正殿、正寝，是皇帝、太后和皇后的正式居住场所，平均面积宽九间，为重檐庑殿顶。
前三殿是全宫最大的.建筑群，占地面积达8.5万平米，是宫城的12%，后三宫则为前三殿的25%，其余宫殿依次递减，主要突出的是前三殿、后三宫的主要地位。1961年定位于中国第一批全国重点文物保护单位。已被联合国科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
好了，今天我们就游览到这里，现在就此解散，自由欣赏一下中国故宫的魅力，请大家注意安全，保持生态环境。
介绍北京的导游词 第15篇
大家好，我叫陈汛贤，在这阳光明媚的日子里，我带大家去北京故宫游玩，首先我简单介绍一下北京故宫，然后再说一个关于北京故宫的传说吧!
故宫位于北京的中心，东西宽730米、南北长1402米有100多个篮球场那么大，那里还有皇上住的永乐殿，皇后住的永慈殿，这里有一口井，据说里面不是水，而是已经死掉的人的骨灰，真恐怖呀!下面我就说一个关于故宫的传说吧!燕王朱奴在皇宫做了皇帝后，就觉得故宫不够漂亮，就叫亲信大臣做管工大臣“在皇宫的四个角上盖四座样子特别美的楼房，要有九梁九十九柱，限期是三个月”管工大臣就叫工厂里的工人们：“皇上要盖四座要有九梁九十九柱的楼房，限期是三个月。”工人们听了非常郁闷!
一个月过去了，工人们还没想到怎么盖，工头去街里闲逛，看到一个装蟋蟀的笼子，刚刚好是九梁九十九柱，工头就买回去，按照这个笼子做了出来。旅客们!目的地到了，要注意不要破坏公物哦!
